Karine L. Toussaint, Ph.D.
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Healthy Sleep Facts

2/5/2014

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This weekend I had the pleasure to attend Dr. Catherine Schuman’s fascinating presentation “Integrating Sleep Management Into Clinical Practice” at the annual Massachusetts Psychological Association conference. Dr. Schuman was the Director of of Behavioral Medicine and Behavioral Medicine Training at Cambridge Health Alliance, Assistant Professor at Harvard Medical School, and has been an expert on sleep for many years. I wanted to share with you some of the very interesting facts she talked to us about, and hope this will motivate you to stop shortchanging yourself on sleep.

  • Insufficient sleep is associated with mood and cognitive disturbances, behavioral and academic problems, the onset of diabetes, lowered metabolism, high levels of cortisol, and increased hunger paired with a decreased ability to burn calories (how cruel!), among other things. (For more info you can also watch the 60 Minutes video from my previous post.)

  • We go through 3 stages of sleep - the first lasts just a few seconds or minutes and is the transition to sleeping. The second is a sounder sleep. And the third stage is the “deep” sleep we all need to recuperate and heal. If are deprived of our deep sleep, as you saw in the 60 Minutes video, we can get into big big trouble.

  • Until the age of 3, humans have a 50 minute sleep cycle. This means that infants and toddlers will go through a full round of sleep stages and then wake up every 50 minutes. Children 6 years old and older, as well as adults, have a sleep cycle of 90 minutes. Do the math and that means that if we wake up to soothe our infants and toddlers every time they wake up during the night, we will never reach our stage 3 sleep!! Take-away lesson? Train your infants early to self-soothe and fall asleep on their own so that you only need to get up when they need to eat or be changed. Tip: don’t train them to fall asleep in your arms! When they get drowsy and start nodding off, put them to bed.

  • How much sleep do we need? Newborns need 10-19 hrs every 24 hrs. Infants need 9-10 hrs/night, plus 3-4 hrs/day in naps. Toddlers need 9.5-10.5 hrs/night plus 2-3 hrs/day in naps. Preschoolers and 6-12 year olds need 9-10 hrs/night. Adolescents need 9-9.5 hrs/night. And finally, adults need 7-9 hours of sleep per night.  

  • Clients tell me over and over that they have adapted to having less than 7 hrs/night of sleep, but ALL the research out there says humans cannot function on less than 7 hrs in the long term. If you try to do it for more than a couple days in a row, your body will begin to show the signs of sleep deprivation and you will begin to suffer - physically and mentally. If you don’t get your deep sleep regularly, your body will reset itself and make you sleep, and all you can do is hope it’s not while you’re driving or in a meeting with your boss.

  • Some medications and substances will disrupt your sleep: alcohol, caffeine, diet pills, Ritalin, steroids, albuterol, theophylline, quinidine, and many others. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to see if your meds are the problem, and limit your alcohol and caffeine intake.


So ask yourself - are you drowsy or overtired during the day? Do you have problems going to sleep or staying asleep? Do you snore or have any unusual behaviors during the night? Do you wake up gasping for breath? Do you fall asleep easily during quiet moments in the day time? If you’ve answered yes to even one question, you may have a sleep problem. I encourage you to take this seriously, talk to a professional, and make time in your schedule for sleep, just as you would for healthy diets and exercise.

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Decision Fatigue

12/4/2013

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I recently heard about this new concept: Decision Fatigue, a.k.a. Ego Depletion. According the the New York Times, John Tierney is the co-author, with the social psychologist Roy Baumeister, of the New York Times best-seller, Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength (Penguin Press, 2011). An excerpt, “Do You Suffer from Decision Fatigue?” ran in Times Magazine, it was reviewed in the Times by Steven Pinker, and named one of Amazon’s Best Books of 2011.

It offers a fascinating explanation to why we lag on our diets at the end of the day, feel burnt-out and crave sugar mid-afternoon, or why we might make poor decisions and feel overwhelmed if we’ve been asked to make too many decisions or we exercised great self-control. Hint: we have a finite amount of willpower to use everyday, and if we don’t choose our battles, learn to make the most of what energies we have, and/or learn to grow our willpower, we end up doing things we regret. 

I highly recommend you check this out. 




FOLLOW UP NOTE:


Someone sent me this email in regards to this blog post, and I wanted to share it with you since it's spot on:

"--While on the plane, I read a story by Michael Lewis about Barack Obama with whom he'd spent a good deal of time. One of the things they discussed was decision-making. Here's the paragraph from the article, on page 4:
This time he covered a lot more ground and was willing to talk about the mundane details of presidential existence. “You have to exercise,” he said, for instance. “Or at some point you’ll just break down.” You also need to remove from your life the day-to-day problems that absorb most people for meaningful parts of their day. “You’ll see I wear only gray or blue suits,” he said. “I’m trying to pare down decisions. I don’t want to make decisions about what I’m eating or wearing. Because I have too many other decisions to make.” He mentioned research that shows the simple act of making decisions degrades one’s ability to make further decisions. It’s why shopping is so exhausting. “You need to focus your decision-making energy. You need to routinize yourself. You can’t be going through the day distracted by trivia.” The self-discipline he believes is required to do the job well comes at a high price. “You can’t wander around,” he said. “It’s much harder to be surprised. You don’t have those moments of serendipity. You don’t bump into a friend in a restaurant you haven’t seen in years. The loss of anonymity and the loss of surprise is an unnatural state. You adapt to it, but you don’t get used to it—at least I don’t.”
-- If you want to read the whole article, here's the link:
http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/2012/10/michael-lewis-profile-barack-obama
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